An octet is basically 8 bits. The term is used in telecommunications, particularly when referring to IP addresses. An IPv4 address is referred to as "four octets", usually represented by decimal values from 0 to 255, for example: 255.255.255.255 (the highest representable IPv4 address). This is known as "dotted-decimal" notation. Maximum number of addresses is 2^32 or 256^4 = 4.29 billion.
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