In addition to reading the source code, it is useful to consider the intellectual origins of K8s in "Borg".
It is often portrayed as the "spiritual" open source successor of Google's Borg, a cluster manager running hundreds of thousands of jobs, across thousands of applications, running on clusters each of tens of thousands of machines.
The Borg paper covers how shortcomings in Borg were addressed in the design of Kubernetes (this is worth understanding/being aware of). There is an overview here from ACM Queue called "Borg, Omega and Kubernetes" (Omega was an offspring of Borg).
(Historical note: Borg in turn was the successor of two internal Google systems, Babysitter and Global Work Queue, both of whose design predated the introduction of Linux control groups).
The Borg paper also mentions the Google Container Enginer (GKE), which is a Google-hosted version of Kubernetes.
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